Gary Ruvkun, HMS professor of genetics and Massachusetts General Hospital investigator, has been named a co-recipient of the 2014 Wolf Prize in Medicine, along with Victor Ambros, of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Nahum Sonenberg, of McGill University. Ruvkun and Ambros are being honored for discovering that tiny molecules of RNA,control the activity of other genes that encode proteins in animals – work previously recognized with the 2008 Lasker Award – while Sonenberg’s award recognizes his discovery of proteins that regulate protein synthesis.
Presented by the Wolf Foundation of Israel since 1978, Wolf Prizes are awarded in agriculture, chemistry, mathematics, medicine, physics and the arts. Winners in each category share a $100,000 prize award, and around one-third of the recipients in chemistry, mathematics, and physics have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize. The announcement of the 2014 awards was made in Tel Aviv on Jan. 16, and the awards will be presented by Israeli president Shimon Peres at a ceremony in May.
Ruvkun and Ambros began working together as Massachusetts Institute of Technology research fellows in the 1980s. In discoveries made both collaboratively and independently in their labs at Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, they identified the role of single-stranded microRNAs, the smallest known genes, in regulating gene expression. Instead of being translated into proteins, microRNAs block gene expression by binding to regulatory segments in their target messenger RNAs. Since the initial discoveries, it has become apparent that most animal and plant genomes, including the human genome, contain between 500 and 1,000 microRNAs, which control an even greater number of protein-coding messenger RNAs and may be involved in a broad range of normal and disease-related activities
Ruvkun is an investigator at the MGH Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Biophysics from the University of California at Berkeley and a PhD in Biophysics from Harvard University. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Ruvkun is also a principal investigator with the Search for Extraterrestrial Genomes, which has proposed using DNA amplification techniques, commonly used to detect and classify organisms here on earth, as part of the search for life on Mars or other planets.
Sandra McAllister, assistant professor of medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, is one of 102 researchers named by President Barak Obama as a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers, the highest honor bestowed by the United States Government on science and engineering professionals in the early stages of their independent research careers. The winners will receive their awards at a Washington, DC, ceremony in the coming year.
The awards, established by President Bill Clinton in 1996, are coordinated by the Office of Science and Technology Policy within the Executive Office of the President. Awardees are selected for their pursuit of innovative research at the frontiers of science and technology and their commitment to community service as demonstrated through scientific leadership, public education, or community outreach. Recipients are employed or funded by the following departments and agencies: Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of the Interior, Department of Veterans Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Intelligence Community, which join together annually to nominate the most meritorious scientists and engineers whose early accomplishments show the greatest promise for assuring America’s preeminence in science and engineering and contributing to the awarding agencies’ missions.
